Final answer:
A scenario where several processes access and manipulate the same data concurrently and the outcome depends on the specific access order is called a c. Race condition.
Step-by-step explanation:
When several processes access and manipulate the same data concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place, we refer to this as a Race condition. A race condition can lead to unpredictable results and potentially cause programs to behave in erratic ways. It's an unwanted circumstance where two or more operations must execute in the correct order to be performed correctly, but the sequence is not guaranteed due to concurrent execution.
There are a few methods to prevent race conditions, with process synchronization being one of them. Process synchronization mechanisms ensure that the correct execution sequence is maintained, and each process waits for its turn to access the shared data. This concept is fundamental in operating systems and concurrent programming to prevent the corruption of shared data and to ensure system stability and correctness.