Final answer:
Job evaluation is the correct answer. It determines the worth of particular jobs based on job analysis. The reliability of job analyses varies, with self-reported job descriptions being less reliable.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is C) Job evaluation. Job evaluation is a technique based on job analysis that aims to systematically determine the relative worth of jobs within an organization. This process is crucial for establishing fair compensation structures and ensuring that salaries reflect the importance and responsibilities of each job.
Job analysis itself is a complex process that can yield varying levels of accuracy and reliability. It involves the use of observation, surveys, and interviews to gather data about the tasks and requirements of a job. According to Dierdorff & Wilson (2003), job analyses that rely on descriptions provided by the job holders may be less reliable compared to other sources, although the reasons behind this finding were not studied.
The field of industrial-organizational psychology often utilizes job analysis to ensure that candidate characteristics match those identified as necessary for the job, which is referred to as job specification. Also, information derived from job analysis serves as a foundation for interview questions in the employee selection process, further indicating the significance of accurate job analysis.