Final answer:
Fred will be surveying B) current bus drivers, who are considered incumbents in a job analysis. This method is used in industrial psychology to gather information on the tasks and KSAs required for the role, aiding in the creation of job descriptions and specifications.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fred is planning to conduct a job analysis of bus drivers and decides to survey incumbents to gather information about the job. The question asks who Fred will be surveying. Based on the context provided by the usage of 'incumbents,' B) current bus drivers is the correct answer. Incumbents are those currently holding a position, which in this case refers to the bus drivers themselves. This method of data collection can offer valuable insights into the day-to-day tasks and the skills necessary for the job.
Job analysis is a critical tool in industrial psychology, used to describe the functions of a task or role and to identify the required knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs). This process often includes direct observation, interviews, and surveys with job holders and their supervisors to construct a comprehensive overview of the position, which can later be used in employee selection, training, and performance appraisal.
When conducting a job analysis, it is essential to engage with those who have first-hand experience in the role, such as incumbent workers, for a worker-oriented approach. This provides a detailed understanding of the job from the perspective of the individuals currently performing the duties, which can be instrumental in defining job specifications and ensuring effective job design.