Final answer:
An I/O psychologist using a worker-oriented approach to job analysis considers the physical, interpersonal, and mental factors necessary to perform a job. Industrial psychologists focus on matching employees to job requirements, while organizational psychologists measure job satisfaction and the social dynamics of the workplace.
Step-by-step explanation:
When an I/O psychologist focuses broadly on the general aspects of a person on the job—including the physical, interpersonal, and mental factors necessary to complete that job—they are using a worker-oriented approach to job analysis. In contrast, a task-oriented approach lists the detailed tasks that will be performed for the job. The worker-oriented method involves determining job specifications or the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) required to successfully carry out job functions. This encompasses not only the execution of the tasks themselves but also accounts for employee interactions and the cultural fit within the organization. It also includes factors studied in human factors psychology, such as the design of work tools to optimize worker productivity, safety, and health.
A researcher who is interested in the factors that make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as an industrial psychologist. This professional scrutinizes job characteristics, applicant qualities, and means of matching individuals with job requirements, including subsequent training and performance evaluation. Finally, the area of I-O psychology which measures job satisfaction is organizational psychology. This field studies the effects of workplace interactions among employees on their well-being and the organization's productivity, encompassing worker satisfaction, motivation, and the impact of organizational culture.