Question

Predict what would happen to a sponge that could no longer produce spicules.

A. It would have difficulty moving.
B. It would lose structural support.
C. It would become more vulnerable to predation.
D. It would overproduce spicules.

Answer 1

Without spicules, a sponge would lose structural support and become more vulnerable to predators, since spicules serve as both a physical deterrent and a way of maintaining body structure.

Step-by-step explanation:

If a sponge could no longer produce spicules, it would lose structural support and become more vulnerable to predation. Sponges rely on spicules for support, preventing their soft bodies from collapsing. Spicules, which are small bone-like structures made of calcium carbonate or silica, also act as a deterrent to predators. These spicules can make the sponge less palatable or even harmful to potential predators. Moreover, sponges are sessile animals, meaning they attach themselves to a solid substratum and do not move over large distances, so they cannot flee from predators. Some defense mechanisms besides the physical barrier of the spicules include producing toxins that may poison predators. If these spicules are not present, the sponge’s defense capabilities are diminished, leading to increased predation.