Final answer:
The high consistency, low consensus, and high distinctiveness described suggest the fundamental attribution error, where dispositions are overemphasized in explaining behavior, overlooking situational factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question you're asking about involves understanding different cognitive biases and their effects on behavior and decision-making. The correct answer is b. fundamental attribution error, which is a common cognitive bias where people tend to attribute others' actions to their dispositions while overlooking situational influences. A classic demonstration of this was in the quizmaster study, where observers concluded that questioners were more intelligent than contestants because of their performance, neglecting the situational advantage the questioners had in knowing the answers to their own questions.
Confirmation Bias
Although not the correct answer to this specific question, confirmation bias is also a significant cognitive bias where people focus on information that reinforces their existing beliefs, overlooking evidence that contradicts them.
Group Dynamics and Influence
The influence of group dynamics is also noteworthy, particularly in the context of group polarization and the Asch conformity experiments, which highlight how the presence of allies can reduce the pressure to conform to the majority.