Final answer:
The method for biodiesel manufacture typically involves a transesterification reaction where triglycerides react with methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide as a catalyst to form biodiesel and glycerol. Biodiesel production has environmental benefits but also raises concerns about land use competition and sustainability.
Step-by-step explanation:
Description of Biodiesel Manufacture Method
The method for biodiesel manufacture involves a transesterification reaction where a triglyceride reacts with an alcohol to form an ester and glycerol. Based on the reaction equation provided, methanol reacts with a triglyceride (often derived from animal fat or vegetable oil), with sodium hydroxide functioning as a catalyst. Such reactions are vital in the production of biodiesel, a sustainable alternative to petroleum diesel. This process not only creates biodiesel but also produces glycerol as a byproduct, which can be used in other industries, such as pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Various alcohols can be used for this reaction, but the most common practice, as stated, uses methanol due to its reactivity and cost-effectiveness. Different oils can be the triglyceride source; animal fats and vegetable oils are prime examples of raw materials. Sodium hydroxide is a common choice for a catalyst because it aids in the reaction without becoming consumed by it.
The economic and social effects of biofuel production are significant, with concerns regarding land competition between fuel and food production as well as sustainable land use. Still, the usage of used vegetable oils and other non-food plant parts for biodiesel helps mitigate these impacts. Additionally, biodiesel has environmental benefits, producing fewer pollutants when combusted compared to traditional diesel.