Final answer:
Social Darwinism was a pseudo-scientific belief system that emerged in Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries. It applied the principles of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to human societies, arguing that success and power were determined by superior breeding and inherent biological traits. This belief system fueled racism and justified rigid class distinctions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Social Darwinism was a pseudo-scientific belief that emerged in Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries. It was based on a loose interpretation of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and applied to human societies. Social Darwinists argued that success and power in society were determined by superior breeding and inherent biological traits, rather than luck or education. This belief system justified rigid class distinctions and legitimized racism.
For example, proponents of Social Darwinism claimed that non-white races had evolved to a certain stage but had stopped, while the white race continued to evolve and therefore held inherent superiority. This theory of racial hierarchy was used as a justification for colonialism, racism, and eugenics programs.