Final answer:
The correct answer is b. The term 'Charter group' refers to the dominant first or founding group that influences the societal norms and practices. This group for the U.S. consisted of Protestant Anglo Americans, who affected the integration of immigrant groups like eastern European Jews, Irish Catholics, and Southern blacks.
Step-by-step explanation:
The groups mentioned such as eastern European Jews and Irish Catholics immigrating to the United States, along with Southern blacks moving from rural to urban areas, were still influenced by the Protestant Anglo Americans, which can be denoted as the Charter group. The term 'Charter group' refers to the dominant first or founding group that has established norms and practices in a society. These norms tend to remain influential as new groups immigrate and try to integrate. Irish and German immigrants, who faced discrimination upon arrival, eventually established themselves in American society despite these challenges.
Over time, prejudices against certain immigrant groups, like the Irish and Germans, lessened, yet they were replaced by new prejudices against the subsequent waves of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. The discrimination faced by these new immigrants included xenophobia and ethnocentrism, particularly against those of Italian or Jewish descent. The assimilation of these groups into American society and their gradual overcoming of prejudice are key aspects of American immigration history