Final answer:
The answer to the social studies question is a) Smaller; greater, indicating that less perceived difference between groups leads to greater social distance. People tend to feel more close to their current family. Without context, it's difficult to address the comparative likelihood section accurately.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to this question is a) Smaller; greater. The perceived differences between a minority group and the charter group refer to the physical, cultural, or social traits that are seen as distinguishing one group from another. When these differences are perceived as smaller, the social distance tends to be greater because the minority group is seen as more foreign or less similar to the charter group. This can lead to less interaction and potentially more discrimination.
Regarding research on family closeness, it is believed that people often feel their current family is b) more close. This sense of connection can be attributed to the regular contact and shared experiences that come from living together or maintaining family ties.
In terms of likelihood comparisons, without additional context, it's challenging to determine which options a) far more likely than, b) far less likely than, c) slightly less likely than or d) equally as likely as pertain to. Proper context is crucial for answering such comparative likelihood questions accurately.