Final answer:
John Rawls does not equate a fair distribution of social goods with an equal distribution. Instead, he emphasizes the need for a just structure that particularly benefits the least advantaged members of society, incorporating principles like the Liberty Principle and the Difference Principle.
Step-by-step explanation:
No, John Rawls does not believe that a fair distribution of social goods is always an equal distribution. According to Rawls, the goal of distributive justice is to create a society that compensates for inherent structural inequalities to benefit the least advantaged, without strictly advocating for a purely equal distribution of resources. Rawls introduced concepts such as the Liberty Principle and the Difference Principle. The Liberty Principle asserts that each person should have an equal right to basic liberties, such as free speech and property rights. The more noteworthy Difference Principle allows for social and economic inequalities, so long as they result in compensatory benefits for the least advantaged members and are attached to positions of opportunity that are open to all.