Final answer:
A consequentialist moral theory determines the morality of an action based on its consequences. Mohism and utilitarianism are two examples of consequentialist theories.
Step-by-step explanation:
A consequentialist moral theory is an ethical approach that determines the rightness or wrongness of an action based on its consequences. According to consequentialism, an action is considered morally right if it produces the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people. Two examples of consequentialist theories are Mohism and utilitarianism.
Mohism is an ancient Chinese philosophy that emphasizes the importance of universal love and promoting the well-being of all individuals. Mohists believe that actions should be judged based on their ability to generate the maximum benefit for society as a whole.
Utilitarianism, first advanced by Jeremy Bentham, evaluates the morality of an action by considering the overall happiness it produces. According to utilitarianism, the action that maximizes happiness and minimizes suffering for the greatest number of people is morally right.