Final answer:
The correct answer is (a) Database, which refers to a collection of related, organized data for easy access on a computer.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the American Heritage Dictionary, a database is defined as a comprehensive collection of related data organized for convenient access, generally in a computer. So, the correct answer to the question would be option (a) Database. A database allows for the storage, retrieval, and management of data. In contrast, a record is a single entry within a database (b), a server is a computer that can store and perform calculations on large data sets (b), and a query is a request for information from a database (d). These components work together to enable researchers and users to conduct archival research, analyze large amounts of experimental results, and work with complex data structures.