Final answer:
The artery that obliquely traverses the proximal third of the femur on the medial thigh side is the Femoral artery, which is a continuation of the external iliac artery and turns into the popliteal artery behind the knee.
Step-by-step explanation:
The artery that passes obliquely over the proximal third of the femur on the medial aspect of the thigh is the Femoral artery. This artery is the continuation of the external iliac artery after it passes through the body cavity. The femoral artery plays a crucial role in supplying blood to the lower limb as it enters the femoral region and gives off several smaller branches, including the lateral deep femoral artery, and the genicular artery. Additionally, once the femoral artery passes posterior to the knee near the popliteal fossa, it transitions into the popliteal artery, which further divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
It is important to note that the saphenous vein, although prominent, is a surface vessel located on the medial aspect of the leg and thigh and is responsible for draining the superficial portions of these areas. It is not the same as the femoral artery. The iliac artery refers more broadly to arteries associated with the pelvis, and the term 'median' is not used to describe any artery in relation to the femur.