Final answer:
The assertion that older people universally disengage from work or society is false, as is the statement that women were incapable of handling responsibilities during times of war. Many seniors stay actively involved in various aspects of life, and women have historically stepped up to manage additional burdens when necessary.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement suggesting that older people do not want to continue their careers or communicate with friends and family, or participate in their community, is false. While some older individuals may choose to retire from their careers, it is not a universal desire to disengage from social or community life. Indeed, many older adults continue to be active in communicating with friends and family and participating in various community activities. The scenario provided of an older man withdrawing from several aspects of life most closely illustrates disengagement theory, which posits that some older adults may withdraw from social interactions as they age. However, it is important to recognize that this is not the case for all seniors. Figures and examples, like elderly people running marathons, show that many can still lead active lives.
As for Exercise 8.3.2, the statement that many women found themselves incapable of handling the burdens of war when their husbands and fathers went off to fight is false. In fact, many women took on the roles left by men, becoming essential parts of the workforce and proving themselves quite capable under such conditions.