Final answer:
In Miguel de Cervantes's novel, when Don Quijote attacks what he believes are giants (the windmills), they do not respond as they are actually inanimate windmills. His misinterpretations and misguided bravery are central to the understanding of the character's perception versus reality.
Step-by-step explanation:
As Don Quijote begins to attack the guards, the scenario described in the provided reference materials does not directly align with the iconic scene involving windmills mistook for giants from Miguel de Cervantes's novel. Instead, the text references various forms of attacks involving Spaniards and others within different contexts, none of which directly involve Don Quijote attacking guards who then react. In the novel, when Don Quijote charges at what he believes are giants (the windmills), the windmills do not react, as they are inanimate objects.
However, when faced with actual guards in other instances, the usual response he'd receive from those he attacks would range from confusion to defending themselves, typically leading Don Quijote to face the harsh reality of his misadventures and the vast difference between his chivalric fantasies and the real world.
Don Quijote's exploits and his dedication to doing what he believes is just, driven by his love for Dulcinea, are central themes. The misguided bravery he displays in battles against imaginary foes illustrates how perception and reality are often at odds, a topic which the author Ilan Stavans investigates through the lens of Don Quijote's enduring tale.