Final answer:
Newton's Law of Gravity brought the Scientific Revolution to maturity by providing a mathematical explanation for terrestrial and celestial phenomena, unifying the understanding of gravity for both falling objects and planetary motion.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sir Isaac Newton's Law of Gravity played a crucial role in bringing the Scientific Revolution to maturity by providing a comprehensive mathematical framework for understanding the forces of gravity. This framework not only explained the behavior of falling objects on Earth but also the motion of celestial bodies, such as the planets orbiting the sun. Newton's seminal work leveraged the insights of his predecessors like Galileo and the laws of planetary motion defined by Kepler. It culminated in a unified view of gravitation that could account for both terrestrial and astronomical phenomena through a single set of principles. Furthermore, the universal law of gravitation laid the foundations for the later works of Albert Einstein and others, pushing the boundaries of our cosmological understanding even further.
The development of Newton's law of gravity did more than provide answers to long-standing questions; it demonstrated a fundamental simplicity and unity in nature, which continues to guide scientific inquiry today. The acceptance and expansion of Newtonian gravitation were significantly aided by the work and advocacy of other scientists, including Émilie du Châtelet, who translated and augmented Newton's work, bridging the gap to the pivotal acceptance of gravitational theory as an overarching explanation for both celestial and terrestrial mechanics.