Final answer:
Transparent Page Sharing (TPS) is the memory reclamation technique used by VMkernel, which optimizes memory usage by consolidating identical memory pages among multiple virtual machines.
Step-by-step explanation:
The memory reclamation technique used by the VMkernel is Transparent Page Sharing (TPS). TPS is a method that allows virtual machines running on the same physical host to share common pages. This technique identifies and consolidates identical memory pages into a single physical page, which can be shared among multiple VMs, thus reducing the overall memory consumption and allowing for more efficient use of resources.
Other options listed such as Network I/O Control (NIOC), Storage I/O Control (SIOC), and Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) are also VMkernel technologies, but they serve different purposes. NIOC is used to manage network bandwidth, SIOC manages access to storage resources, and DRS balances computing workloads across a cluster of VMware hosts.