Final answer:
The correct statement about the vCenter Server Appliance is that it includes an embedded vPostgres database, enabling it to store configuration data and inventory independently, without requiring a Windows-based vCenter Server.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct statement regarding vCenter Server Appliance features is:
C) It includes an embedded vPostgres database.
vCenter Server Appliance (VCSA) is an alternative to the Windows-based vCenter Server, and it's built on a Linux-based platform. VCSA includes the vPostgres database to store all the configuration data and inventory of the virtual environment.
It is not true that VCSA only supports IPv4, as it also supports IPv6. Moreover, the appliance can be deployed in a high-availability configuration using vSphere High Availability (HA) or vCenter HA depending on the necessity. Lastly, it does not require a Windows-based vCenter Server to manage, as it is a standalone solution which includes all the vCenter management capabilities.