Final answer:
Napoleon overthrew the Directory, establishing the Consulate and becoming First Consul, marking the transition to the Napoleonic era.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is d) Napoleon seized power by purging the Directory and driving out most of the National Legislature, eventually forcing those who remained to vote for the dissolution of the Directory. After the Directory lost power, Napoleon established the Consulate and declared himself First Consul, effectively making him the ruler of France. This event was known as the Coup d'État of 18 Brumaire, and it marked the end of the French Revolution's decade of political turmoil and led to the Napoleonic era.