Final answer:
Probability is a numerical description of how likely an event is to occur, such as the 50% chance of a coin toss resulting in heads.
Step-by-step explanation:
Probability is c) a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur. This mathematical measure is used to express the likelihood of an event happening. For instance, when you flip a coin, since the coin has two sides and one is not more likely to come up than the other, the probability of getting heads is 0.5 or 50%. Mathematically speaking, this is because there is one way to get heads and two possible outcomes in total, so the probability is calculated as 1 out of 2, or 0.5. This concept is applicable to all kinds of random events, from simple coin tosses to more complex genetic variations like those studied by Gregor Mendel.
Probability is the likelihood, or chance, that a certain event will occur. The easiest way to understand probability is with coin tosses. When you toss a coin, the chance of a head turning up is 50 percent because a coin has only two sides, so there is an equal chance of a head or tail turning up on any given toss.