Final answer:
The term for an inverse voltage exceeding the safe limit of a circuit is 'breakdown voltage', which marks the threshold beyond which material or component failure can occur. The correct answer is option 1:Breakdown voltage.
Step-by-step explanation:
An inverse voltage that is too large for a circuit is called the breakdown voltage. This is the maximum reverse voltage a device can withstand before a significant reverse current is produced, potentially leading to failure or damage of the component. For example, the breakdown voltage of air can be exceeded by a large applied voltage, leading to an electrical discharge or spark through the air.
Similarly, materials like nylon have a certain breakdown threshold that, if significantly exceeded, can lead to material failure. In electronic components such as diodes, when the reverse bias across the component is increased beyond the breakdown voltage, ionization of the component atoms may occur, resulting in an avalanche of current that can cause permanent damage.