Final answer:
The extent of individuals' mobility is most closely related to their socioeconomic status, impacting social class and opportunities for social mobility.
Step-by-step explanation:
The extent of mobility of individuals is most closely related to A) Socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status refers to the position of an individual on the social and economic ladder, based on income, education, occupation, and other factors. High socioeconomic status often provides individuals with opportunities for better education, more stable employment, and the means to live in safe, resource-rich environments. This, in turn, enables greater social mobility, allowing people to move up the social hierarchy.
Factors like marital status, shopping habits, and education level can also influence an individual's mobility to some degree, but socioeconomic status is the most consistent determinant across various populations and societies. It relates to concepts like standard of living, status consistency, and structural mobility that collectively determine an individual's ability to improve or decrease their economic status and hence, change their social class.