Final answer:
Penn State researchers have made significant strides in gravitational wave detection and deep-space observations using specialized telescopes, contributing to our understanding of stellar phenomena, the verification of Einstein's predictions, and advancements in technology.option a is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Substantial achievements by researchers at Penn State in the field of physics include advancements in the detection of electromagnetic waves from space. Specifically, significant work has been done in areas such as gravitational wave detection and the visualization of atomic structures. Arthur B. C. Walker, a pioneer in X-ray and ultraviolet observations, developed specialized telescopes to observe the Sun's corona. These technologies not only bolstered our comprehension of stellar phenomena but also influenced modern applications like microchip manufacturing.
Gravitational waves were detected, confirming a century-old prediction by Einstein and winning the Nobel Prize for three project leaders of the LIGO experiment, highlighting the importance of experimental verification in physics. Additionally, other scientists have utilized telescopes to better understand black holes, culminating in the historic imaging of one such object by the Event Horizon Telescope. These amazing strides in space and physical sciences are a testament to the systematic application of these disciplines and their role in modern tech advancements.