Final answer:
A personal foul in basketball is an infraction that includes illegal contact with an opponent, such as blocking, holding, or illegal use of hands, and results in free throws if it occurs during a shooting attempt or if the team is in the bonus.
Step-by-step explanation:
In basketball, the term that refers to an infraction involving blocking, illegal screening, illegal hand use, or persistent fouling is D) Personal foul. A personal foul is a breach of the rules that concerns illegal personal contact with an opponent. It is the most common type of foul in basketball. A player who commits a certain number of personal fouls in a game (usually five or six, depending on the level of play) will be disqualified or 'fouled out' of the contest. Examples of personal fouls include hitting, pushing, slapping, holding, and illegal pick/screen. When a personal foul is committed, the game is stopped, and the fouled player may be awarded free throw shots if the foul occurred during a shooting attempt or if the team is in the bonus.