Final answer:
Device drivers are necessary for managing the communication between the operating system and different types of hardware devices, including character, block, and network devices. Thus, the correct answer is d) all of the mentioned.
Step-by-step explanation:
Device drivers are implemented to interface with various hardware components in a computer system. Specifically, device drivers are created to manage and facilitate communication between the operating system and the hardware devices. These hardware devices can be categorized into character devices, block devices, and network devices. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is d) all of the mentioned. Character devices handle data character by character, such as keyboards and mice. Block devices manage data in fixed-size blocks and are typically storage devices, like hard drives. Network devices enable communication over a network, such as network interface cards.
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