Final answer:
The correct option is C. Kepler's Gravitational Law is the variation of Newton's law of gravitation that is related to Kepler's laws. It can be used to mathematically derive Kepler's third law, which relates the orbital period and distance of a planet from the Sun.
Step-by-step explanation:
The variation of Newton's law of gravitation that is related to Kepler's laws is Kepler's Gravitational Law, which is option C. Kepler's laws of planetary motion describe the motion of planets around the Sun, and Newton's law of gravitation explains the gravitational force that causes this motion.
Kepler's third law, which relates the orbital period and distance of a planet from the Sun, can be mathematically derived from Newton's universal law of gravitation. This relationship can be expressed as a³ = (M₁ + M₂) x p², where a is the semi-major axis of the planet's orbit, M₁ is the mass of the Sun, M₂ is the mass of the planet, and p is the orbital period of the planet.