Final answer:
The scheduling where a certain amount of CPU time is allocated to each process is called proportional share scheduling, where processes are assigned weights and receive CPU time according to these weights.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of scheduling where a certain amount of CPU time is allocated to each process is known as proportional share scheduling. Proportional share scheduling is designed to provide a flexible mechanism for dividing the computing resources of a system among various users or groups based on their proportionate share. Under this system, processes are assigned weights and the CPU time is divided among processes according to these weights, ensuring that each process receives an amount of CPU time in proportion to its assigned weight. This is in contrast to equal share scheduling where the time is equally divided regardless of the task or load.
Earliest deadline first scheduling prioritizes processes based on their deadlines, aiming to schedule tasks so that they complete before their deadlines. This method does not guarantee each process a certain amount of time but instead focuses on the urgency of the task's completion time.
Therefore, the correct answer to which scheduling allocates a certain amount of CPU time to each process is b) Proportional share scheduling.