Final answer:
The interrupt handler is the component that handles the processing of an interrupt and ensures the CPU can return to its prior state.
Step-by-step explanation:
The component responsible for determining the cause of the interrupt, conducting the necessary processing, and executing a return from the interrupt instruction to restore the CPU to its previous execution state is the interrupt handler.
When an interrupt occurs, it is the interrupt handler's task to address the situation, ensuring that once the necessary action has been taken, the system can continue to operate as it did before the interruption.