Final answer:
A.the set of processes that have been deadlocked, The detection algorithm is invoked when a resource cannot be allocated, helping to identify
Step-by-step explanation:
When a request for allocation cannot be granted immediately, and the detection algorithm is invoked, it helps to identify a) The set of processes that have been deadlocked, which means it finds all the processes that are stuck and can't proceed due to a mutual hold of resources.
However, it does not necessarily identify b) The set of processes in the deadlock queue because there might not be a specific queue for deadlocked processes, as the concept of a deadlock queue is not a standard part of deadlock detection algorithms.
Additionally, while the algorithm can point out the deadlock, it does not pinpoint c) The specific process that caused the deadlock because deadlock is typically a result of a combination of process interactions, not the fault of a single process.
Therefore, the correct answers are specifically focused on the deadlock detection aspect, and d) All of these is not accurate as it overstates the capabilities of typical deadlock detection algorithms.