Final answer:
True. The statement that telomere length is maintained at an equilibrium with set points that can vary between species is true. Scientists are researching ways to extend telomeres to combat aging and associated diseases, as telomere shortening contributes to cellular senescence. Contrary to some beliefs, adult height remains constant and females generally have a higher life expectancy than males.
Step-by-step explanation:
Telomere length is believed to be maintained at an equilibrium with set points that can vary between species, which is true. Telomeres are the repetitive nucleotide sequences at the ends of chromosomes that protect coding sequences of DNA from loss or damage as cells divide. They cap chromosomes, much like the plastic tips of shoelaces prevent fraying, and are essential in preserving genetic information.
Scientists are studying how to lengthen telomeres because as cells divide, telomeres naturally shorten, which can lead to cell senescence or death when they become too short. This shortening is a contributing factor to aging and may have implications for diseases and lifespan. By understanding and potentially manipulating telomere length, scientists aim to pave the way for therapies that could slow aging, improve human healthspan, and treat age-related diseases. Free radicals and mutagens can cause damage to DNA, including telomeres, which may accelerate cellular aging.
Height typically remains constant after a person reaches adulthood, and, contrary to what some might believe, life expectancy is generally higher in females than in males. These facts are integral to our understanding of human development, aging, and the biological challenges faced over a lifespan.