Question

Which type of cellular response characterizes the second line of defense in the immune system, and what are the typical manifestations of this response?

A) Adaptive response; Enhanced memory function
B) Innate response; Redness, pain, heat, swelling
C) Passive response; Loss of appetite and fatigue
D) Inactive response; Decreased cellular activity

Answer 1

The second line of defense in the immune system is characterized by the innate response, manifesting as redness, pain, heat, and swelling due to inflammation.

Step-by-step explanation:

The type of cellular response that characterizes the second line of defense in the immune system is the innate response, and the typical manifestations of this response include redness, pain, heat, swelling, and sometimes loss of function. Unlike the adaptive immune response, which requires information from the innate immune system and is characterized by a memory function after exposure to a specific antigen, the innate response is immediate and non-specific. The hallmark of the innate immune reaction is inflammation, which can be caused by a variety of factors, including infection and physical injury