Final answer:
The rulers who conquered and ruled Spain from the 8th to 13th centuries were a combination of Islamic and Christian forces.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rulers who conquered and ruled Spain in the 8th to 13th centuries were a combination of different groups. The Islamic conquest of Spain began in 711 when the Umay`yads invaded and defeated the Visigothic kingdom. They established Muslim rule in Spain and introduced Islam as the dominant religion.
However, starting in the 8th century, the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula started a process known as the Reconquista to gradually push the Muslims out of Spain. It took around 250 years for the Christian coalition to fully conquer the Iberian Peninsula and in 1492, the last Muslim ruler was expelled from Granada.