Final answer:
Aluminum structures are prone to corrosion, particularly when exposed to mercury which forms an amalgam that deteriorates aluminum. Additionally, acid rain contributes to the corrosion of metals, posing a significant threat to structural integrity and necessitating regular maintenance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The major damage to aluminum structures that are exposed to the weather involves corrosion, more specifically, the formation of an amalgam with mercury which is highly corrosive to aluminum. Despite the formation of a protective oxide layer (passivation), which makes aluminum strong and lightweight, when it comes into contact with elemental mercury, the amalgam causes severe structural compromise. Corrosion problems, like the tragic collapse of the Silver Bridge due to corrosion, highlight the importance of regular maintenance to prevent such catastrophic failures. Furthermore, acid rain and acidic particles can also accelerate the deterioration of aluminum and other structural materials.