Final answer:
Three mechanical methods by which flight control systems may be actuated are hydraulic systems, mechanical linkages, and fly-by-wire systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
Flight control systems can be actuated using several mechanical methods:
- Hydraulic Systems: In this method, control surfaces are moved using fluid pressure. Hydraulic actuators are commonly used in large aircraft to provide powerful and precise control.
- Mechanical Linkages: This method uses mechanical devices such as pushrods, cables, and bellcranks to transmit pilot inputs to the control surfaces. It is commonly found in smaller aircraft and older aircraft designs.
- Fly-by-Wire: This is a modern method where control inputs from the pilot are transmitted electronically, and actuators move the control surfaces based on these inputs. Fly-by-wire systems provide enhanced stability and can incorporate sophisticated flight control laws.