Final answer:
Resident microbiota are microorganisms that colonize the body but do not cause infection or disease under normal conditions. They are indigenous to specific parts of the body and play a role in maintaining health and preventing harmful pathogens from causing infections.
Step-by-step explanation:
Microorganisms that establish permanent residence (colonize) on or in the body but do not produce infection/disease under normal conditions are known as resident microbiota. These microorganisms are indigenous to specific parts of the body and can include both bacteria and fungi. They play a crucial role in maintaining a healthy balance and preventing harmful pathogens from establishing infections.
For example, the normal microbiota of the skin keeps each other in check and helps maintain skin health. However, if the balance is disturbed, an overgrowth of certain species may result in an infection. Similarly, the resident microbiota in the large intestine, like E. coli, may cause a urinary tract infection if they enter the bladder.
In some cases, the resident microbiota may prevent an infection from establishing, or they may influence the severity or type of signs and symptoms. Everyone has a unique microbiota and immune system, which can impact their susceptibility to diseases caused by pathogens.