Final answer:
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is the term for the condition that results from Rh incompatibility between an Rh-negative mother and an Rh-positive fetus, leading to the hemolysis of fetal red blood cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition that results from Rh incompatibility between an Rh-negative mother and an Rh-positive fetus, leading to the hemolysis of fetal red blood cells, is called hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). This condition occurs when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive baby. During the pregnancy, the mother's immune system produces antibodies against the Rh factor. These antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the fetal red blood cells, causing anemia and other complications.