Question

Which cytokines promote isotype switching from IgM to IgE?

A. IL-1 and TNF
B. IL-4 and IL-5
C. IL-10 and TGF-β
D. IL-12 and IFN-γ
E. Interferon alpha and beta

Answer 1

The cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 promote isotype switching from IgM to IgE, resulting in the production of IgE antibodies. These antibodies play a key role in immediate hypersensitivity responses in allergic reactions.

Step-by-step explanation:

The cytokines that promote isotype switching from IgM to IgE are IL-4 and IL-13.

During a first exposure to an allergen, TH2 cells release IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines, which activate B cells specific to the allergen. This leads to clonal proliferation and differentiation of B cells into IgE-secreting plasma cells. The production of IgE antibodies allows mast cells to bind to the allergen, sensitizing the individual to subsequent exposures.

For example, in the case of allergies, such as hay fever or asthma, IL-4 and IL-13 play a crucial role in promoting the production of IgE antibodies that are responsible for the immediate hypersensitivity response.