Final answer:
IL-1β is the cytokine that promotes inflammation and is produced by phagocytes such as macrophages and contributes to immune responses by aiding in the destruction and removal of pathogens.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cytokine that promotes inflammation and is produced by phagocytes is IL-1β. Cytokines like IL-1α and IL-1β are both pro-inflammatory and are known to be produced by cells such as macrophages that can engulf pathogens through phagocytosis.
Other cells involved in the immune response and phagocytosis include neutrophils, which are also able to produce cytokines that lead to the destruction and removal of pathogens. Interleukins are a class of cytokines that play a critical role in the immune response, and in this context, IL-1β has a prominent role in promoting inflammation.