Final answer:
The colony in question, founded by people who escaped religious persecution in England, engaged in agriculture and maritime industries, and led by John Winthrop, is the Massachusetts colony.
Step-by-step explanation:
The American colony described as being founded by people who escaped religious persecution in England, engaged in farming, fishing, and whaling, and led by John Winthrop is Massachusetts. The Puritans, a religious group seeking freedom from the Church of England's authority, settled in Massachusetts to establish a community based on their religious beliefs, often referred to as a 'city upon a hill'.
John Winthrop served as the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and aimed to create a model Puritan society. Over time, those seeking even more religious freedom branched out to found other colonies like Connecticut and Rhode Island.