Final answer:
The violent conflict between the Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups occurred in Rwanda, culminating in a genocidal war in 1994. The seeds of this conflict were sown during the colonial rule by Germany and Belgium, who deepened ethnic divisions. The genocide resulted in the death of hundreds of thousands and massive refugee crises.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct option : a
The conflict between the Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups took place in Rwanda. This tragic conflict escalated into a genocidal war in 1994, following a series of historical events that were influenced by Rwanda's colonial past. During the colonial era, both German and Belgian rulers exacerbated ethnic tensions by favoring the Tutsi minority for administrative positions over the Hutu majority. The conflict resulted in the massacre of hundreds of thousands of members of the Tutsi ethnic group as well as moderate Hutus. The violence eventually ended with the Tutsi rebels gaining power and large numbers of defeated Hutus fleeing as refugees to surrounding nations.
In the wake of Rwanda's colonial history, the post-independence period led to civil unrest and eventual genocide. This massacre represented one of the darkest moments in African history, with the international community slow to respond. The aftermath left Rwanda and its population deeply scarred, with ongoing challenges in reconciling and rebuilding the nation.