Final answer:
The amplitudes of two overlapping waves can affect each other, so the statement is false. Also, a standing wave comes from waves traveling in opposite directions, making that statement false. However, gravity's uniform acceleration ensures that a balance scale measures the same on the moon, which is true.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Wave Interference and Superposition
When considering wave behavior, we can examine the statement provided in the question: Is the amplitude of one wave affected by the amplitude of another wave only when they are precisely aligned? The answer is False. The amplitude of a wave can be affected by the amplitude of another through the principle of superposition, which states that when two or more waves meet, their total displacement at any point is the sum of their individual displacements at that point. This interaction does not require them to be perfectly aligned but can also occur when they are partially overlapping.
Additionally, the statement that a standing wave is a superposition of two identical waves that are in phase and propagating in the same direction is also False. A standing wave is actually formed by the superposition of two waves of the same frequency and amplitude traveling in opposite directions.
Lastly, the balance of a book and a standard 1-kg iron weight on the moon would remain level because gravity accelerates all objects at the same rate, despite the fact that the strength of gravity on the moon is different from that on Earth. Therefore, the statement regarding balance on the moon is True.