Final answer:
Mating calls and colors that attract predators fall under aural signals in animal communication. Such communication affects natural selection by enabling birds to warn each other and coordinate defensive actions against predators. Deceptive communication may also be used to gain an advantage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Communication that attracts the attention of predators, such as mating calls and colors, falls under the category of aural signals in animal communication. Birds, for example, make aural signals like calls to warn other birds about a predator in the area.
This type of communication affects natural selection in small bird species because it allows them to alert each other and coordinate defensive actions against predators. The birds that can effectively communicate and respond to predator threats have a higher chance of survival and passing on their genetic traits to the next generation.
In some cases, animals may also use deceptive communication to gain an advantage. For example, some bird species may make predator warning calls when no predator is present, deceiving other birds into fleeing from a food source, allowing the bird making the call to access the resources.