Final answer:
Peter Grant and Rosemary Grant are the husband and wife team who conducted the long-term study of Darwin's finches in the Galapagos, providing valuable insight into evolution by natural selection.
Step-by-step explanation:
The full names of the husband and wife team who were in charge of the Galapagos study on Darwin's finches are Peter Grant and Rosemary Grant. In the 1970s, they set out to re-study the same species of finches that Charles Darwin observed during his voyage on HMS Beagle. The Grants' longitudinal research lasted for more than 30 years, significantly contributing to the understanding of evolution by natural selection as they were able to witness and document changes in the finch populations over time.
It's important to note that although Charles Darwin and his contemporary Alfred Russel Wallace both contributed to the theory of natural selection, the question specifically asks about the Galapagos study conducted much later by the Grants. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace's work in the mid-nineteenth century laid the foundation for this field of study.