Final answer:
Archimedes was an ancient Greek scientist and inventor known for the Archimedes' screw, substantial contributions to mathematics, physics, and engineering, and his innovative principles of buoyancy and volume.
Step-by-step explanation:
who Archimedes was and what were his top accomplishments is: C) Archimedes was a Greek scientist and inventor known for the Archimedes' screw and contributions to mathematics, physics, and engineering.
Archimedes (ca. 287-212 BCE) was an influential ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, and engineer from Syracuse. Notable for his contributions to the understanding of buoyancy (through Archimedes' principle), advancements in engineering with devices like the Archimedes' screw, and refining methods to approximate the value of pi, Archimedes was instrumental in applying mathematics to practical inventions. His works significantly influenced the fields of hydrostatics and statics and remained the cornerstone of engineering and physics principles well beyond the Classical Age. His eureka moment in deducing the displacement of water led to a method for determining an object's volume and thereby its density—a critical step in the story of science and the study of materials. Archimedes' achievements laid groundwork for future scientific advancements and his influence persisted through the Renaissance and beyond, proving the lasting impact of his genius.