Final answer:
Parents can nurture a healthy self-concept in their child by adopting an authoritative parenting style, which involves setting reasonable limits, expressing warmth, and being flexible. A child's temperament can also influence parenting, with easy children receiving warm and responsive parenting. Sociocultural factors and historical periods can shape parenting behaviors, and warm parent-child relationships have positive effects. Resilience to stresses reduces the likelihood of child abuse, and parents may treat sons and daughters differently.
Step-by-step explanation:
Parents can nurture a healthy self-concept in their child by adopting an authoritative parenting style, which involves giving reasonable demands and consistent limits while also expressing warmth, affection, and listening to the child's point of view. This parenting style sets rules and explains the reasons behind them, while also being flexible when necessary. Children raised by authoritative parents tend to have high self-esteem and social skills. Additionally, a child's temperament can influence parenting, with easy children often eliciting warm and responsive parenting while difficult children may evoke irritation or withdrawal from their parents.
It is important to consider that individual behaviors and parenting styles are influenced by sociocultural factors. Social factors and historical periods can shape the way families raise their children. For instance, disciplinary practices that were once accepted, such as physical punishment, may now be seen as child abuse. Adolescents also develop their identities and become influenced by their peer groups, although warm and healthy parent-child relationships still have positive effects on child outcomes.
Resilience to stresses, including financial stress, is associated with a decreased likelihood of child abuse. Young parents and teenage mothers are more prone to abusing their children due to the added stress of parenthood at a young age. Finally, parents may treat sons and daughters differently, leading to different responses from their children.