Final answer:
Sleep deprivation and malnutrition are the correct factors that can have negative long-term effects on development, impacting both physical and cognitive growth and overall health.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sleep deprivation and malnutrition can have long-term negative effects on physical and cognitive development. Answering the student's question, both of these factors significantly impair well-being and can lead to serious health issues including, but not limited to, reduced mental alertness, cognitive dysfunction, weaker immune systems, and impaired growth. The correct options that can have long-term negative effects are C) Sleep deprivation, malnutrition.
Chronic stress can lead to negative effects on memory and thinking by interrupting healthy neuron development and even result in brain shrinkage. Malnutrition during the development of the immune system can have lasting negative effects on its ability to maintain homeostasis and fight infections. Moreover, chronic sleep deprivation is linked with a range of adverse outcomes such as obesity, high blood pressure, increased stress hormones, and reduced immune functioning.