Final answer:
The theology of Job's day, asserted by his friends in the Book of Job, is centered on retributive justice, divine omnipotence and justice, human inability to understand divine wisdom, and human sinfulness.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theology of Job's day, as represented by his friends in the biblical text, is based on several key aspects. These are foundational to the arguments presented by Job's friends, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar, throughout the dialogues in the Book of Job. The aspects include:
- Retributive Justice: The belief that good is rewarded and evil is punished by God, implying that suffering is a consequence of one's sin.
- Divine Omnipotence and Justice: The belief in an all-powerful and just God who administers justice in the world.
- Human Inability to Comprehend Divine Wisdom: The view that human beings cannot understand God's ways or question His judgments.
- Human Sinfulness: An emphasis on human depravity and the notion that people are inherently sinful and thus deserving of punishment.
The dialogues between Job and his friends reflect a struggle to understand and explain suffering within the framework of these theological beliefs, which were prevalent in the ancient Near Eastern context.