Final answer:
Stratigraphy and the law of superposition are relative dating techniques. Radiocarbon dating, seriation, and dendrochronology are absolute dating techniques.
Step-by-step explanation:
The dating techniques mentioned can be categorized as either absolute or relative dating techniques.
A) Stratigraphy is a relative dating technique that involves studying layers of soil or rock to determine the relative ages of artifacts and fossils found within them. This technique relies on the principle of superposition, which states that objects found deeper within the layers are older than those found closer to the surface.
B) Radiocarbon dating, also known as carbon-14 dating, is an absolute dating technique. It uses the decay of the radioactive isotope carbon-14 to determine the age of organic materials up to 50,000 years old.
C) Seriation is a relative dating technique that involves arranging artifacts or fossils in chronological order based on their styles or characteristics. This technique assumes that styles or characteristics change over time.
D) Dendrochronology, also known as tree-ring dating, is an absolute dating technique. It involves studying the patterns of tree rings in wood samples to determine the age of the wood and the artifacts or fossils associated with it.
E) The law of superposition, mentioned in the question, is a relative dating technique. It states that in any undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, the oldest rocks are at the bottom and the youngest are at the top.