Final answer:
The Colonial Period in Texas was defined by the American migration into Texas, the cultural and religious contrasts with the Mexican authorities, the rise of the slave labor dependent economy, and the subsequent struggle for independence that resulted in the formation of the Lone Star Republic.
Step-by-step explanation:
Main Characteristics of the Colonial Period in Texas (1780's-1820's)
The Colonial Period in Texas during the 1780's to the 1820's was marked by significant events that laid the groundwork for the future state. This era saw the first major influx of American settlers into the Mexican province of Texas, beginning in 1821. Under the leadership of Stephen F. Austin, these settlers - known as the 'Old Three Hundred' - established a foothold in the region. The period was characterized by a steady pour of American settlers leading to a cultural and demographic shift, with Americans soon outnumbering Mexicans.
Cultural and religious differences, combined with the Americans' reliance on slave labor, escalated tensions, paving the way for the Texas Revolution. In response to Mexico's anti-slavery policies and centralist government reforms, the Texan settlers sought greater autonomy. Notably, following the Texas Revolution in 1835-1836, Texas declared its independence and became known as the Lone Star Republic.
After achieving independence, Texas' first president, Sam Houston, was elected, and the republic remained sovereign from 1836 until its eventual annexation by the United States in 1846. Throughout this independent period, more American immigrants flocked to Texas, drawn by land grants and the promise of economic opportunity. Despite its recognition as an independent nation by the U.S., the republic was a point of contention that contributed to the outbreak of the Mexican-American War.
Moreover, concerns around Texas’s annexation and the border with Mexico fueled political tensions. During a convention known as The Consultation, a constitution that mimicked the American system was drafted, including a provision to permit slavery, despite its prohibition by Mexico. This demonstrated a clear ideological and economic divergence between the Texan settlers and Mexican authorities.